个人学习笔记整理而来, 内容如有错漏欢迎电邮联系. a collection of personal math notes.

Hahn-Banach Theorem is one of the core theorems of linear functional analysis. The Hahn-Banach Theorem in Vector Space is also called Analytic Form of Hahn-Banach Theorem. Two corollaries are especially important: Hahn-Banach Theorem in Normed Vector Space, and Geometric Form of Hahn-Banach Theorem.

Analytic Form

定理.[Hahn-Banach Theorem in Real Vector Space]

Let $X$ be a real vector space, and $p$ is a sublinear functional in $X$, that is, $p:X\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ is a function satisfies the following properties:

$$\begin{eqnarray}p(\alpha x) = \alpha p(x),\quad \forall \alpha>0 \text{ and } x\in X,\\p(x+y) \leqslant p(x)+p(y)\quad \forall x,y\in X.\end{eqnarray}$$
And let $Y$ be a subspace of $X$, $l:Y\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ is a linear functional in $Y$ which satisfies
$$l(y)\leqslant q(y),\quad \forall y\in Y.$$
Then there exists a linear functional $\widetilde{j}:X\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$, such that
$$\widetilde{l}(y)=l(y),\quad \forall y\in Y.\quad \text{ and } \widetilde{l}(y)\leqslant p(x),\quad \forall x\in X.$$

对于函数空间, 在需要研究其某些特定的性质时, 对于这个空间赋予适当的拓扑结构, 是非常有用的一种方法. 一个常见的方面就是: 通过其拓扑在给定的义意下讨论函数族收敛的概念.

在线性泛函分析学习中学过的赋范线性空间, 就是通过对空间赋予范数来引入拓扑结构–由范数可以自然的诱导相应的度量, 度量则给出了空间的拓扑结构. 当然, 并非所有的函数空间的拓扑结构都可以由范数给出, 于是我们有更一般的关联于所谓半范数族的拓扑线性空间.