# 关于积拓扑和 Tychonoff 定理

## 集族的笛卡尔积

Note. 有限个集合的笛卡尔积被定义为有序数组的形式 $(x_1,\cdots,x_n)$, 其中 $x_{i} \in X_{i}$. 也可以将其视为一族 $X_1\times\cdots\times X_2$ 上的映射
$$\left\{x:{1,\cdots,n}\rightarrow X_1\cup\cdots\cup X_n\mid x(j)\in X_{j}, \forall j = 1,\cdots,n \right\}.$$

# $L^p$ 空间基本知识1-关于 Lebesgue 积分的一些结论

### Beppo Levi 单调收敛定理

$$\sup_{n}\int f_n <\infty,$$

### Legesgue 控制收敛定理

a) $f_n(x)\rightarrow f(x)$ a.e. 收敛于 $\Omega$ 中,

b) 存在函数 $g\in L^1$, 使得每个 $n$, $|f_n(x)|\leqslant g(x)$, a.e. 于 $\Omega$ 中.

# 学习 Galois 理论须知的群论概念

Abelian Group. A group in which multiplication is commutative.

Alternating Group $A_n$. The subgroup of $S_n$ consisting of all the even permutations. it has order $\frac{1}{2}n!$.

Associativity. For all $x,y,z$, one has $(xy)z=x(yz)$. it follows that one does not need parentheses for any product of three or more factors.

Automorphism. An isomorphism of a group with itself.

Commutativity. For all $x,y$, one has $xy=yx$.

# 复分析小品-生成函数

In mathematics, a generating function is a way of encoding an infinite sequence of numbers ($a_n$) by treating them as the coefficients of a formal power series. This series is called the generating function of the sequence.

Unlike an ordinary series, the formal power series is not required to converge: in fact, the generating function is not actually regarded as a function, and the “variable” remains an indeterminate. Generating functions were first introduced by Abraham de Moivre in 1730, in order to solve the general linear recurrence problem. One can generalize to formal power series in more than one indeterminate, to encode information about infinite multi-dimensional arrays of numbers.

# 复分析小品-分式线性变换

$$f(z) = \frac{az+b}{cz+d}$$

• 分式线性变换的复合还是一个分式线性变换变换.
• 任何分式线性变换都可以表示为三种简单变换的复合, 即:平移、旋转、反演的复合.

# 数学分析习题解-一致收敛性、函数项级数与函数族的基本运算(2)

【习题来源】数学分析：第七版.（俄罗斯）卓里奇著；李植译. 北京：高等教育出版社，2019.2

1. 请研究下列级数当实参数 $\alpha$ 取各种值时在集合 $E\subset\mathbb{R}$ 上的收敛性.
a) $$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{\cos nx}{n^\alpha};$$
b) $$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{\sin nx}{n^\alpha}.$$

【解】 显然, 上述两个级数在 $\alpha\leqslant 0$ 时不收敛, 在 $\alpha > 1$ 时绝对一致收敛(强函数检验法). 考虑在 $0< \alpha \leqslant 1$ 时的情况.

# 数学分析习题解-一致收敛性、函数项级数与函数族的基本运算(1)

【习题来源】数学分析：第七版.（俄罗斯）卓里奇著；李植译. 北京：高等教育出版社，2019.2

1. 以下函数序列是否一致收敛?
a) $$f_n = \frac{\sin{nx}}{x^2}$$
b) $$f_n = 2(n+1)x(1-x^2)^n$$
c) $$f_n = \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}(\cos m!\pi x)^{2n}$$

【解】 考察 $\Delta _n := \sup _{x\in E}|f(x) - f_n(x)|$ 在 $n\rightarrow \infty$ 时的情况即可. 容易得到 a) 一致收敛, b)、c) 不一致收敛. Q.E.D.